BSE transmission data cause confusion

BIPP madness; an iatrogenic cause of acute confusion.

An 81-year-old man, admitted under the Ear, Nose and Throat Team with persistent epistaxis, developed an acute confusional state. He was previously physically independent and mentally competent. Immediate investigations did not reveal a cause for his deterioration. He eventually made a full recovery and returned home. Subsequently, his serum bismuth level was noted to be within the toxic range ...

Incomplete cryoactivation of human renin: a cause of confusion?

Epilepsy--another cause of intermittent fever with confusion.

The problem of recurring episodes of fever and confusion in an 83 year old man was found to be due to epilepsy. He was treated with carbamazepine which abolished the attacks. Epilepsy-induced fever is a difficult diagnosis to make, and electroencephalogram can be invaluable in making the diagnosis.

Kleine-Levin syndrome: a cause of diagnostic confusion.

The case is described of a boy with the Kleine-Levin syndrome in whom prominent behavioural disturbances and the initial absence of a clear cyclical pattern obscured the diagnosis. Treatment with lithium was effective.

Commentary: To cause or not to cause confusion vs transparency with Mendelian Randomization.

Appendix 1: sample size requirements for instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments For given Type 1 and Type 2 error probabilities and study design, the sample size required to detect an effect of size d is proportional to 1/d 2 V, where V is the Fisher information (expectation of minus the second derivative of the log-likelihood of the effect size) from a single observation. For ...